Quelque(s) vs (un) peu de = A couple/a few vs a bit of/few (indefinite adjectives)

quelque (singular) 

You will generally only come across the singular form in a very few fixed expressions, such as quelqu'un (someone), quelque part (some where), quelque temps (some time / a while).

quelques (plural)

Used with countable things it means a couple of, some, a few.

Here also see Quelques, plusieurs, de nombreux = A few, several, many (quantities)

[un] peu de 

Used with uncountable quantities, un peu de means a little, a bit of

and peu de means little, not much of, few