Hi G.W.,
You are correct in mentioning the verb passer as when you spend time doing something in French it will be -
passer du temps à faire quelque chose
Hence, "passer la soirée" will take the preposition à and by extension other indicators of time as in the following examples :
J'ai passé la matinée à nettoyer la maison = I spent the morning cleaning the house
J'ai passé mes vacances à réviser pour mon examen = I spent my holidays revising for my exam
Hope this helps!