B1: Intermediate
B1: Adjectives & Adverbs
- Chaque, tous les + [duration] = Each, every (indefinite adjectives)
- Même can mean "same", "itself", "very", "exact" and "precise" as an adjective, and "even" as an adverb
- Dernier = final / previous (adjectives that change meaning according to position)
- Forming the feminine of adjectives ending in -u
- Ancien = former / old (adjectives that change meaning according to position)
- Certain = specific / sure (adjectives that change meaning according to position)
- Better and better, worse and worse = de mieux en mieux, de pire en pire (comparisons)
- Propre = own / clean (adjectives that change meaning according to position)
- Plus... plus..., moins... moins... = the more...the more..., the less...the less... (comparisons with phrases)
- Le, la, les plus and le, la, les moins = the most and the least (superlatives of adjectives)
- Vrai = real / true (adjectives that change meaning according to position)
- Supérieur à, inférieur à, intérieur à, extérieur à (irregular comparatives)
- Forming the plural of adjectives ending in -al
- Forming the plural of adjectives ending in -al (exceptions)
- Meilleur, mieux, pire / plus mauvais, plus mal = better, best, worse and worst (irregular comparatives and superlatives)
- Cher= dear / expensive (adjectives that change meaning according to position)
- Quelque(s) vs (un) peu de = A couple/a few vs a bit of/few (indefinite adjectives)
- Compound colour names and colour names derived from things are invariable
- Certain adverbs end in -ément
B1: Idioms, Idiomatic Usage, and Structures
- Passer, se passer, se passer de (different meanings of 'passer')
- Passer un exam vs to pass an exam
- Avoir un exam = To pass an exam
- Passer can be used with avoir or être in Le Passé Composé... and changes meaning
- Partir, laisser, quitter, sortir = To leave
- Using Le Passé Composé or Le Présent in negative sentences with ''depuis''
- Avoir du mal à / avec = To have trouble, to struggle to / with
- Faillir + infinitive = to say you almost did something
- By + [point in time] = d'ici ...
- Using L'Imparfait in hypothetical clauses introduced by si (if) + Le Conditionnel Présent
B1: Pronouns
- Qui = Who, which, that (relative pronouns)
- Que = Whom, which, that (relative pronouns)
- En can replace de + phrase (adverbial pronoun)
- Using le or l' to refer to previously mentioned ideas (direct object pronoun)
- Y can replace à + thing / object / location (adverbial pronoun)
- Celui, celle, ceux, celles = the one(s) (demonstrative pronouns)
- Certain(e)s d'entre eux/elles = Some of them (indefinite pronouns)
- Using "y" with affirmative commands (L'Impératif)
- Using "en" with affirmative commands (L'Impératif)
- L'un(e) ... l'autre, les un(e)s ... les autres = One ... the other(s) (indefinite pronouns)
- Replacing adjectives with le (direct object pronoun)
- Où = where AND when (relative pronouns)
- Ce qui (vs ce que) = what, which (relative pronouns)
- Ce que (vs ce qui) = what, which (relative pronouns)
B1: Negative Words & Constructions
- Ne ... nulle part = Nowhere (negation)
- Using 'ne ... pas' with reflexive verbs in compound tenses (negation)
- Using object and adverbial pronouns in negative commands (L'Impératif)
- Forming negative commands with reflexive verbs (L'Impératif)
- Personne ne ..., rien ne ... = No one, nothing (negation)
- Restrictive ne … que = only (compound tenses)
- Aucun/e … ne = None of them (negation)
- Using double and multiple negatives (negation)
- Ni l'un(e) ni l'autre ne ... = Neither [one nor the other] (negation)
- Informal negation: omitting ne
B1: Verbs Tenses & Conjugation
- Conjugate paraître, connaître and derivatives (+ avoir) - except apparaître and naître - in Le Passé Composé (conversational past)
- Conjugate courir and derivatives (+avoir) in Le Passé Composé (conversational past)
- Forming affirmative commands with reflexive verbs (L'Impératif)
- Conjugate battre and derivatives (+avoir) in Le Passé Composé (conversational past)
- Conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate être in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate avoir in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate faire in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate aller in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate -dre and -re verbs in Le Futur (future tense)
- Using Le Futur after "quand" and "pendant que" instead of Le Présent
- Conjugate -éXer, -eXer, -eter, -eler verbs in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate semi-regular -oyer, -ayer, -uyer verbs in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate venir, tenir and derivatives in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate vouloir in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate pouvoir in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate devoir in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate voir and envoyer in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate recevoir and other -cevoir verbs in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate regular verbs in Le Conditionnel Présent (conditional mood)
- Conjugate être in Le Conditionnel Présent (conditional mood)
- Conjugate avoir in le Conditionnel Présent (conditional mood)
- Conjugate pouvoir in Le Conditionnel Présent = could (conditional mood)
- Conjugate devoir in Le Conditionnel Présent = should (conditional mood)
- Conjugate faire in Le Conditionnel Présent (conditional mood)
- Conjugate aller in Le Conditionnel Présent (conditional mood)
- Conjugate savoir in Le Futur (future tense)
- Forming Le Gérondif: en + '-ant' (while/by + -ing)
- Conjugate valoir in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate courir in Le Futur (future tense)
- Conjugate mourir in Le Présent (present tense)