A1: Beginner
A1: Pronouns
- Il, elle, ils, elles = it, he, she, they
- On = we, one, people
- Nous vs on (subject pronouns)
- C'est vs il/elle est: Saying it is
- C'est, ce sont = this is, these are (demonstrative pronouns)
- Ça = that, this, it (pronoun)
- Moi, toi, lui, elle = me, you, him, her (stress pronouns)
- Nous, vous, eux, elles = us, you, them (stress pronouns)
- Penser que, croire que = To think that, to believe that
- Me, te, nous, vous = Me, you, us, you (direct and indirect object pronouns)
- Tout le monde = Everybody (indefinite pronouns)
A1: Verbs Tenses & Conjugation
- Conjugate avoir in Le Présent (present tense)
- Replacing compound subjects with subject pronouns nous, vous, ils, elles
- Conjugate être in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate aller in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate venir, tenir and derivatives in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate regular -er verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Using Le Présent where English uses Present Tense (current actions, habits and situations)
- Conjugate faire in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate vouloir in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate pouvoir in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate devoir in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate regular -ir verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate regular -dre verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate croire in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate semi-regular -cer verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate semi-regular -ger verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verb se réveiller in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verb se lever in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verb se coucher in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verb s'habiller in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verb se laver in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verb s'amuser in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate -é(-)er, -e(-)er verbs in Le Présent (except -eter and -eler)
- Conjugate partir, sortir and other -tir verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate -eter and -eler verbs in Le Présent - main rule (ll / tt)
- Conjugate prendre and derivatives in Le Présent (present tense)
- Using Le Présent for ongoing actions where English uses Present Continuous
- Conjugate dire and derivatives in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate dormir and other -mir verbs in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate écrire and inscrire in Le Présent (present tense)
- Using Le Présent for immediate/near future actions
- Aller + infinitive = to be going to (Le Futur Proche)
- Conjugate lire in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate reflexive verbs in Le Futur Proche (aller + infinitive)
- Venir de + infinitive = To have just done (Le Passé Proche)
- Conjugate mettre and derivatives in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate -eter and -eler verbs in Le Présent with 'è'
- Conjugate reflexive verb s'asseoir in Le Présent (present tense)
- Conjugate boire in Le Présent (present tense)
A1: Nouns & Articles
- Using du, de la, de l', des to express some or any (partitive articles)
- À + le = au, à + les = aux, de + le = du, de + les = des (contractions of articles)
- Continents, countries, regions & states are masculine, feminine or plural (gender)
- Using le, la, l', les with continents, countries & regions names (definite articles)
- Prepositions with seasons: en, l', au
- Using le, la, l', les before nouns when generalising (definite articles)
- Identifying gender by some word endings
- Using le with days of the week + weekend
- Using le, la, les with weights and measures (definite articles)
- Forming the plural of nouns ending in -au or -eau
- Using le, la, les with body parts and clothing (definite articles)
- Using le, la, les with titles, languages and academic subjects (definite articles)
- Forming the plural of nouns ending in -al
- Forming the plural of nouns ending in -eu
- Surnames don't pluralise
A1: Adjectives & Adverbs
- Adjectives ending with mute -e don't change in the feminine form
- Colour descriptions change according to gender and number (adjectives)
- Standalone adjectives after c'est are always masculine
- Expressing possession with 'de'
- Mon, ma, mes; ton, ta, tes; son, sa, ses = my; your; his / her (possessive adjectives)
- Notre, nos, votre, vos, leur, leurs = our, your, their (possessive adjectives)
- Forming the feminine of nouns and adjectives ending in -ien, -ion, -on
- Adjectives ending in -eux become -euse in the feminine form
- Adjectives ending in -s or -x change in the plural forms only when feminine
- Beau, nouveau, vieux, fou, mou have two masculine forms and one feminine form
- Neuf vs nouveau = New
- Forming regular adverbs with -ment
- Forming the feminine of adjectives ending in -el, -eil, -il, -ul, -et, -s
- Beau, nouveau, vieux have different plural forms for masculine and feminine (adjectives)
- Adjectives ending in -er become -ère in the feminine
- Other adjectives that go BEFORE nouns
A1: Negative Words & Constructions
- Using ne ... pas with simple tenses (negation)
- Un, une become de or d' in negative sentences (indefinite articles)
- Du, de la, de l', des all become de or d' in negative sentences (partitive articles)
- Using 'si' instead of 'oui' to disagree with a negative question or statement
- Ne ... jamais = Never (negation)
- Non plus = neither / nor (negation)
- Using ne ... pas with reflexive verbs in simple tenses (negation)
- Position of negation with two verbs (conjugated + infinitive)
A1: Prepositions & Conjunctions
- Using dans, sur, sous, devant, derrière, entre to say in, on top of, under, in front of, behind (prepositions)
- En vs dans with locations (prepositions)
- À côté de, en face de, à l'extérieur de, à l'intérieur de, près de, loin de, au coin de (prepositions)
- Pour + infinitive = In order to
- Using en with feminine countries and au(x) with masculine countries to say in or to (prepositions)
- En, dans = In, to with regions, states, counties (prepositions)
- Using 'à' (to/in) and 'de' (from/of) with cities (prepositions)
- Venir de, d', du, des + country / state / region = To come/be from
- Using à, en, par with means of transport (prepositions)
- Dans, sur with streets and transportation (prepositions)
- À + [heure] = At + [time]
- Chez = at someone's place (prepositions)
- Compound nouns formed with prepositions à, de, en
- Compound nouns formed with noun + à + verb-infinitive
A1: Numbers, Time & Date
- Telling time in French - simple
- Expressing numbers 70 to 99
- Expressing large numbers: thousands, millions and billions
- Writing decimal numbers in French
- Telling time in French - AM vs PM
- Using an/année, matin/matinée, jour/journée, soir/soirée : time unit vs duration
- Forming ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 10th...)
- Ordinal and cardinal numbers - differences between French and English usages
A1: Idioms, Idiomatic Usage, and Structures
- Expressing timeliness (late, early, on time) - in general
- Expressing how you are with aller (greetings)
- Talking about the weather with il fait + [adjective]
- Talking about the weather with il y a + [noun]
- Faire de, jouer à : talking about sports, hobbies and leisure activities
- Jouer de = to play an instrument
- Ça m'est égal = I don't mind/care (idiomatic expressions)
- Avoir besoin de = To need
- Avoir envie de = To feel like, want to
- Faire les courses vs faire les magasins
- Devoir vs avoir besoin de to express "to need to"
- Expressing possession with être à
- Être d'accord avec = to agree with
- Avoir mal (à) = To be in pain, to hurt somewhere
- Using 'sentir' to describe senses
- Être en train de : expressing ongoing actions in the present
- Avoir peur de = To be afraid/scared of
- Ça y est = That's it, It's done
- Ça ne fait rien = It doesn't matter